Merriam Webster Free Online Dictionary
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Definition of free written for English Language Learners from the Merriam-Webster Learner's Dictionary with audio pronunciations, usage examples, and count/noncount noun labels. Free download and latest review: The Merriam Webster dictionary (for Windows PC) is software which fetches a comprehensive thesaurus and provides a portable solution for complex words (vocabulary) and audio pronunciation in the English language with huge lexis available. Become part of Merriam-Webster Unabridged and get over 250,000 words that aren't in our free dictionary. Expanded definitions, etymologies, and usage notes; Advanced search features, including a 'backward' search. Learn more about the Merriam-Webster Dictionary and all the resources it provides you: Free online dictionary, thesaurus, Spanish-English and medical dictionaries, audio pronunciations, Word of the Day, word games, and many more top-quality language treasures by Merriam-Webster.
| Parent company | Encyclopædia Britannica |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1831; 188 years ago |
| Founder | George Merriam, Charles Merriam |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Headquarters location | Springfield, Massachusetts |
| Publication types | Reference books, online dictionaries |
| Owner(s) | Britannica (Jacqui Safra) |
| Official website | merriam-webster.com |
Merriam-Webster, Inc., is an American company that publishes reference books and is especially known for its dictionaries.
In 1828, George and Charles Merriam founded the company as G & C Merriam Co. in Springfield, Massachusetts. In 1843, after Noah Webster died, the company bought the rights to An American Dictionary of the English Language from Webster's estate. All Merriam-Webster dictionaries trace their lineage to this source.
In 1964, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., acquired Merriam-Webster, Inc., as a subsidiary. The company adopted its current name in 1982.[1][2]
- 1Origins
Origins[edit]
Noah Webster[edit]
In 1806, Webster published his first dictionary, A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language. In 1807 Webster started two decades of intensive work to expand his publication into a fully comprehensive dictionary, An American Dictionary of the English Language. To help him trace the etymology of words, Webster learned 26 languages. Webster hoped to standardize American speech, since Americans in different parts of the country used somewhat different vocabularies and spelled, pronounced, and used words differently.
Webster completed his dictionary during his year abroad in 1825 in Paris, and at the University of Cambridge. His 1820s book contained 70,000 words, of which about 12,000 had never appeared in a dictionary before. As a spelling reformer, Webster believed that English spelling rules were unnecessarily complex, so his dictionary introduced American English spellings, replacing colour with color, waggon with wagon, and centre with center. He also added American words, including skunk and squash, that did not appear in British dictionaries. At the age of 70 in 1828, Webster published his dictionary; it sold poorly, with only 2,500 copies, and put him in debt. However, in 1840, he published the second edition in two volumes with much greater success.
Merriam as publisher[edit]
In 1843, after Webster's death, George Merriam and Charles Merriam secured publishing and revision rights to the 1840 edition of the dictionary. They published a revision in 1847, which did not change any of the main text but merely added new sections, and a second update with illustrations in 1859. In 1864, Merriam published a greatly expanded edition, which was the first version to change Webster's text, largely overhauling his work yet retaining many of his definitions and the title 'An American Dictionary'. This began a series of revisions that were described as being 'unabridged' in content. In 1884 it contained 118,000 words, '3000 more than any other English dictionary'.[3]
With the edition of 1890, the dictionary was retitled Webster's International. The vocabulary was vastly expanded in Webster's New International editions of 1909 and 1934, totaling over half a million words, with the 1934 edition retrospectively called Webster's Second International or simply 'The Second Edition' of the New International.
The Collegiate Dictionary was introduced in 1898 and the series is now in its eleventh edition. Following the publication of Webster's International in 1890, two Collegiate editions were issued as abridgments of each of their Unabridged editions. Merriam overhauled the dictionary again with the 1961 Webster's Third New International under the direction of Philip B. Gove, making changes that sparked public controversy. Many of these changes were in formatting, omitting needless punctuation, or avoiding complete sentences when a phrase was sufficient. Others, more controversial, signaled a shift from linguistic prescriptivism and towards describing American English as it was used at that time.[4]
Merriam Webster Children's Dictionary Online
With the ninth edition (Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary (WNNCD), published in 1983), the Collegiate adopted changes which distinguish it as a separate entity rather than merely an abridgment of the Third New International (the main text of which has remained virtually unrevised since 1961). Some proper names were returned to the word list, including names of Knights of the Round Table. The most notable change was the inclusion of the date of the first known citation of each word, to document its entry into the English language. The eleventh edition (published in 2003) includes more than 225,000 definitions, and more than 165,000 entries. A CD-ROM of the text is sometimes included. This dictionary is preferred as a source 'for general matters of spelling' by the influential The Chicago Manual of Style, which is followed by many book publishers and magazines in the United States. The Chicago Manual states that it 'normally opts for' the first spelling listed.[5]
The G. & C. Merriam Company lost its right to exclusive use of the name 'Webster' after a series of lawsuits placed that name in public domain. Its name was changed to 'Merriam-Webster, Incorporated', with the publication of Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary in 1983. Previous publications had used 'A Merriam-Webster Dictionary' as a subtitle for many years and will be found on older editions.
Since the 1940s, the company has added many specialized dictionaries, language aides, and other references to its repertoire. The company has been a subsidiary of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. since 1964.
Services[edit]
In 1996, Merriam-Webster launched its first website, which provided free access to an online dictionary and thesaurus.[6]
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Merriam-Webster has also published dictionaries of synonyms, English usage, geography (Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary), biography, proper names, medical terms, sports terms, slang, Spanish/English, and numerous others. Non-dictionary publications include Collegiate Thesaurus, Secretarial Handbook, Manual for Writers and Editors, Collegiate Encyclopedia, Encyclopedia of Literature, and Encyclopedia of World Religions.
On February 16, 2007, Merriam-Webster announced the launch of a mobile dictionary and thesaurus service developed with mobile search-and-information provider AskMeNow. Consumers use the service to access definitions, spelling and synonyms via text message. Services also include Merriam-Webster's Word of the Day—and Open Dictionary, a wiki service that provides subscribers the opportunity to create and submit their own new words and definitions.[7]
Pronunciation guides[edit]
The Merriam-Webster company once used a unique set of phonetic symbols in their dictionaries—intended to help people from different parts of the United States learn how to pronounce words the same way as others who spoke with the same accent or dialect did. Unicode accommodated IPA symbols, but did not specify room for Merriam-Webster phonetics. Hence, to enable computerized access to the pronunciation without having to rework all dictionaries to IPA notation, the online services of Merriam-Webster specify phonetics using a less-specific set of ASCII characters.
Writing entries[edit]
Merriam creates entries by finding uses of a particular word in print and recording them in a database of citations.[4] Editors at Merriam spend about an hour a day looking at print sources, from books and newspapers to less formal publications, like advertisements and product packaging, to study the uses of individual words and choose things that should be preserved in the citation file. Merriam-Webster's citation file contains more than 16 million entries documenting individual uses of words. Millions of these citations are recorded on 3-by-5 cards in their paper citation files. The earliest entries in the paper citation files date back to the late 19th century. Since 2009, all new entries are recorded in an electronic database.[4]
See also[edit]
- Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite, includes Merriam-Webster
References[edit]
- ^'Merriam-Webster Dictionary'. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2015. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
- ^'An American Dictionary of the English Language'. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2015. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
- ^'Webster's Unabridged'. The Week : A Canadian Journal of Politics, Literature, Science and Arts. 1 (10): 160. 11 Feb 1884. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
- ^ abcFatsis, Stefan (12 Jan 2015). 'The Definition of a Dictionary'. Slate. ISSN1091-2339. Retrieved 2015-07-12.
- ^The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, New York and London: University of Chicago Press, 2003, Chapter 7: 'Spelling, Distinctive Treatment of Words, and Compounds', Section 7.1 'Introduction', p. 278.
- ^Merriam-Webster, merriam-webster.com, Timeline: Merriam-Webster Milestones, retrieved October 14, 2018
- ^Trusca, Sorin (February 16, 2007). 'AskMeNow and Merriam-Webster Launch Mobile Dictionary'. Softpedia. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
Free Online Merriam Webster Dictionary And Thesaurus
External links[edit]
| Wikinews has related news: New words added to Webster's dictionary |
Merriam-webster Free Online Dictionary For Kids
Free Merriam Webster Online Dictionary Mail
And now we’ve added new word games! It’s never been more fun to learn new words and test your vocabulary for everyone from English learners to total word nerds. Hundreds of words to test your skills.
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No internet connection is required to view the definitions or thesaurus (although you do need a connection to view illustrations, hear audio pronunciations, and use voice search).
Features:
* New Vocabulary-Building Quizzes: fun, fast quizzes to learn new words or test your vocabulary
* Voice Search: look up a word without having to spell it
* Word of the Day: learn a new word every day.
* Integrated Thesaurus: synonyms & antonyms are included with the dictionary
* Example Sentences: understand how a word is used in context
* Quick Definitions: perfect for on-the-go lookups
* Audio Pronunciations: voiced by real English speakers, not text-to-speech robots
* Favorite Words and Search History: Keep track of the words that are most important to you
* For tablets: Scrolling Index - lets you browse the entire dictionary
